Reviewed: The Best (And Worst) Skincare Products From The Ordinary

If you’re into skincare, then The Ordinary needs no introduction. Launched in 2016 by parent company DECIEM, it has revolutionized the beauty industry by offering active ingredients in no-frills packaging at crazy-affordable prices. I repeat, crazy-affordable: most products are under $10!

No wonder The Ordinary has become the world’s most popular skincare brand according to Google search data.

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From The Skincare Edit Archives

Reviews

Editor’s Picks: 15 of the Best Body Scrubs to Exfoliate Your Skin

Routines

How to Do Salma Hayek’s Skincare Routine

Tutorials

What Is Mineral Sunscreen? How It Works, Why It’s Better and How to Choose the Best Formula to Protect Your Skin

That’s why I’ve put together this comprehensive review to help you navigate the entire Ordinary skincare line. Below, you’ll find my thoughts on each product, what’s really worth buying, and the closest dupes that I’ve found. But first, an overview of the brand and my top picks....

The Ordinary Edit

Brand Background

Editor’s Picks

Exfoliators

The Ordinary AHA 30% + BHA 2% Peeling Solution

• What it does: The Ordinary AHA 30% + BHA 2% Peeling Solution is an intensive exfoliating peel that brightens your skin, evens out tone, clears congested pores and fights acne. With continued use, it improves skin texture and reduces the look of fine lines. It should be left on the skin for no more than 10 minutes, and can be used as often as twice per week.
• Best for: Experienced users of acid exfoliants.
• Key ingredients: 30% AHA blend (glycolic, lactic, tartaric and citric acids), 2% salicylic acid.
• Other ingredients: Aloe, carrot extract, propanediol, provitamin B5 (panthenol), hyaluronic acid, Tasmanian pepperberry.
• pH level: 3.5-3.7.
• Editor’s notes: If you only want to exfoliate once or twice a week—and your skin is already used to acids—then this is a good option. Although it is highest in glycolic acid, which tends to be irritating,^[1] applying it just once or twice a week will minimize the risk. I also like this peel because you’re getting both the superficial peeling benefits of the AHAs^[2] as well as the pore-cleaning benefits of the BHA (salicylic acid).^[3] That said, you don’t really need AHAs if you have a BHA, since BHAs exfoliate both above and below the skin surface. Rather than a weekly peel, I would argue that you’ll get better results from using a mild BHA on a more frequent basis, such as daily or every other day—especially if you deal with oily skin or breakouts. I swear by COSRX BHA Blackhead Power Liquid, reviewed here.
• Similar product: Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Sukari Babyfacial (reviewed here) is a comparable treatment, with 25% AHAs and 2% salicylic acid.

The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution

• What it does: The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution is an exfoliating toner that removes dull, dead skin and improves texture, clarity and radiance. It can be used as often as once per day, ideally at nighttime.
• Best for: All skin except sensitive.
• Key ingredient: 7% glycolic acid.
• Other ingredients: Rose water, cornflower water, aloe, propanediol, glycerin, amino acids, ginseng, Tasmanian pepperberry.
• pH level: 3.5-3.7.
• Editor’s notes: As far as glycolic acid goes, this is a good formula. The moderate 7% concentration and addition of anti-inflammatory ingredients means it should be tolerated by most skin. However, glycolic acid can be irritating (due to its small molecule size),^[1] and makes your skin more susceptible to sun damage.^[4] The brand actually cautions against acids for these reasons—even though they sell them!—and suggests that “indirect” exfoliation with NIOD Non-Acid Acid Precursor 15% is safer. Personally, I think BHAs such as salicylic acid and betaine salicylate are the best choice. They exfoliate the skin surface and inside pores, are anti-inflammatory, and have some photoprotective properties. See my salicylic acid tutorial for more information.
• Similar products: I recommend COSRX AHA 7 Whitehead Power Liquid, which has the same 7% concentration of glycolic acid, or The Inkey List Glycolic Acid Toner, which is stronger at 10%.

The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + HA

• What it does: The Ordinary Lactic Acid 5% + HA is a gentle, water-based exfoliating serum that removes dull, dead skin. It can be used as often as once per day, ideally at nighttime.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 5% lactic acid.
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, pentylene glycol, propanediol, hyaluronic acid, Tasmanian pepperberry.
• pH level: 3.6-3.8.
• Editor’s notes: This is one of the mildest exfoliants on the market, and therefore it is an ideal product to start with if you’re brand new to acids. Even though 5% is a low concentration, it has been shown to improve skin smoothness and texture.^[5] Just be aware that AHAs make your skin more sun-sensitive.^[2] Once you know your skin can handle it, move up to the Lactic Acid 10% + HA, which will be more effective.
• Similar product: Sunday Riley Good Genes All-In-One Lactic Acid Treatment contains a slightly higher amount of lactic acid, at 7%, and its pH is more acidic at 3.0.

The Ordinary Lactic Acid 10% + HA

• What it does: The Ordinary Lactic Acid 10% + HA is a water-based exfoliating serum that removes dull, dead skin. It can be used as often as once per day, ideally at nighttime.
• Best for: All skin except sensitive.
• Key ingredient: 10% lactic acid.
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, pentylene glycol, propanediol, hyaluronic acid, Tasmanian pepperberry.
• pH level: 3.6-3.8.
• Editor’s notes: This is one of the best lactic acid exfoliants available. At 10%, it should be strong enough to produce visible results—like reducing fine lines and firming the skin, in addition to improving texture.^[5] Lactic acid has a larger molecule size than glycolic acid, so it’s less irritating,^[1] and this formula also has additional anti-inflammatory ingredients. Just remember that it’ll make your skin more sun-sensitive.^[2] If you’re new to acids, start with Lactic Acid 5% + HA before moving up to this strength.
• Similar products: Alternatively, try The Inkey List Lactic Acid, Biossance Squalane + Lactic Acid Resurfacing Night Serum or ClarityRx Brighten It 10% Lactic Acid Solution—all contain the same 10% concentration of lactic acid.

The Ordinary Mandelic Acid 10% + HA

• What it does: The Ordinary Mandelic Acid 10% + HA is a gentle, water-based exfoliating serum that removes dull, dead skin. It can be used as often as once per day, ideally at nighttime.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 10% mandelic acid.
• Other ingredients: Propanediol, glycerin, hyaluronic acid, Tasmanian pepperberry.
• pH level: 3.5-3.7.
• Editor’s notes: If most acids have irritated your skin, consider mandelic acid. As one of the gentlest AHAs, with a larger molecule size and slow rate of penetration, it is suitable for even sensitive skin that can’t tolerate other acids.^[6] Another advantage of mandelic acid is that it has mild antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties^[7] (although it won’t deep-clean pores like salicylic acid will). Keep in mind that like all AHAs, it increases photosensitivity.^[2]
• Similar product: Youth To The People Mandelic Acid + Superfood Unity Exfoliant gives you 3% mandelic acid along with 2% salicylic acid to unclog pores and 1% gluconolactone (PHA) to improve hydration. 

The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Anhydrous Solution

• What it does: The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Anhydrous Solution is a water-free exfoliating serum that removes dull, dead skin and unclogs pores. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: Normal to oily and acne-prone skin.
• Key ingredient: 2% salicylic acid.
• Other ingredients: Squalane, capric triglycerides, pentylene glycol.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: It’s no secret that salicylic acid is my top pick for exfoliating the skin surface as well as deep-cleaning pores.^[3] If other 2% salicylic acid treatments were too much for your skin, this one is worth a shot. Unlike most exfoliants, it is water-free, with a lightweight oil texture that will help to counteract irritation. And since salicylic acid is oil-soluble, it will still penetrate deeply.^[3] That said, oils can interfere with natural skin cell turnover, so I prefer the water-based Salicylic Acid 2% Solution (or COSRX BHA Blackhead Power Liquid, reviewed here). 
• Similar product: Sunday Riley U.F.O. Ultra-Clarifying Acne Treatment Face Oil contains 1.5% salicylic acid in a base of seed oils. Unfortunately, the latter make it quite unstable and prone to rapid oxidation.

The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Solution

• What it does: The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Solution is a water-based exfoliating serum that removes the dead skin cells that contribute to clogged pores. It can be used once daily at night, either as a spot treatment or all-over.
• Best for: All skin, especially oily and acne-prone skin.
• Key ingredient: 2% salicylic acid.
• Other ingredients: Saccharide isomerate, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine.
• pH level: 3.2-4.0.
• Editor’s notes: This product was recently reformulated, likely because numerous customers experienced irritation from the previous formula. This happened to me—I got a red, flaky rash, which I suspect was because it contained witch hazel and a penetration enhancer (dimethyl isosorbide). Fortunately, both of those ingredients are absent from the new formulation. They’ve been replaced by Curcylic 40,^[8] a new, patented combination of salicylic acid and the surfactant cocamidopropyl dimethylamine (which makes it water-soluble and stable). It’s also non-irritating, so this treatment is now safe for all skin types. For more on this ingredient, see my salicylic acid tutorial. 
• Similar products: Perhaps the best known 2% salicylic acid treatment is Paula’s Choice Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant, but also consider Farmacy Deep Sweep 2% BHA Pore Cleaning Toner and The Inkey List Beta Hydroxy Acid. Or try COSRX BHA Blackhead Power Liquid (reviewed here) with betaine salicylate, a more hydrating alternative to salicylic acid.

Eye Serums

The Ordinary Caffeine Solution 5% + EGCG

• What it does: The Ordinary Caffeine Solution 5% + EGCG is a lightweight, water-based eye serum that reduces the look of puffiness and dark circles. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: 5% caffeine, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallatyl glucoside).
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, propanediol, hyaluronic acid.
• pH level: 4.5-5.0.
• Editor’s notes: You’re getting a high concentration of caffeine in this treatment, which works on puffiness by temporarily constricting blood vessels, and improves dark circles by boosting circulation.^[9] But it may not be effective for these issues if they’re being caused by allergies, diet, low thyroid or not enough sleep. The EGCG is an antioxidant found in green tea that also has anti-inflammatory properties.^[10] Oh, and this product isn’t just for the eye area. Since caffeine has other skin benefits—such as repairing sun damage and reducing the look of cellulite^[9]—you could apply it all over your face or on your body, too. 
• Similar products: The closest match is Revolution Skincare 5% Caffeine Solution + Hyaluronic Acid, but if you prefer a cream texture, try The Inkey List Caffeine Eye Cream. For a serum that you can use all over your face, there’s Pacifica Clean Shot Mushrooms & Caffeine 7% Solution.

Face Masques

The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Masque

• What it does: The Ordinary Salicylic Acid 2% Masque is an exfoliating and deep-cleansing face mask that removes dead skin and pore-clogging debris, and improves texture, clarity and radiance. It should be left on the skin for no more than 10 minutes, and can be used as often as twice per week.
• Best for: Normal to oily and acne-prone skin.
• Key ingredient: 2% salicylic acid.
• Other ingredients: Kaolin, squalane, glycerin, pentylene glycol, charcoal powder.
• pH level: 3.5-4.5.
• Editor’s notes: This mask is a good quick-fix to make skin feel smoother and look brighter. With the salicylic acid, kaolin clay and charcoal, it may help a bit with breakouts by dissolving oil and removing the debris that clogs pores. However, I think anyone dealing with acne or oily skin will get better results from a daily leave-on BHA exfoliant, rather than a mask that is only on the skin for 10 minutes. Try the Salicylic Acid 2% Anhydrous Solution, Salicylic Acid 2% Solution, or see my salicylic acid guide for more options. 
• Similar products: The cult-favourite Tata Harper Resurfacing Mask (reviewed here) gives you similar benefits with willow bark, a natural BHA. If it’s the deep-cleansing benefits you’re after, try The Inkey List Kaolin Clay Mask.

Face Oils

The Ordinary 100% Cold-Pressed Virgin Marula Oil

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Cold-Pressed Virgin Marula Oil is a face oil that quenches free radicals, hydrates the skin and may help to restore radiance. It can be used once a day or as needed.
• Best for: All skin except acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 100% marula oil.
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Marula oil has both occlusive (moisture-locking) properties and emollient (skin-softening) properties, so it would work well as the last step in your routine or mixed with your favourite moisturizer. Although it does contain antioxidants, it’s not a replacement for a well-formulated antioxidant serum (like SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic). Since it has a monounsaturated fatty acid profile, it is also quite stable and resistant to oxidation. However, I would caution against long-term daily use because marula oil is high in oleic acid, which weakens the skin barrier by making it more permeable.^[11]
• Similar products: Acure The Essentials Marula Oil is nearly as affordable, but if you want to splurge, go for the popular Drunk Elephant Virgin Marula Luxury Face Oil.

The Ordinary 100% Organic Cold-Pressed Borage Seed Oil

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Organic Cold-Pressed Borage Seed Oil is a face oil that soothes dryness, calms irritation and maintains healthy skin. It can be used once a day or as needed, ideally after water-based treatments.
• Best for: Dry skin.
• Key ingredient: 100% borage seed oil.
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Borage oil is prized for its high concentration of GLA (gamma-linoleic acid), which is hypothesized to improve the skin barrier and reduce inflammation. However, the research to date on topical borage oil has been inconclusive.^[12] So there may not be anything particularly special about this oil, other than its ability to soften your skin and lock in hydration as the last step in your routine. I would also be concerned about its shelf life, since it is highly polyunsaturated. The 100% Plant-Derived Squalane, 100% Organic Virgin Sea-Buckthorn Fruit Oil and 100% Cold-Pressed Virgin Marula Oil will be far more resistant to oxidation.
• Similar product: Face Gym Face Coach is a mix of squalane, borage oil, oat kernel oil and sunflower oil. It’s a better choice than pure borage oil because the squalane (which is the first ingredient) will have a stabilizing effect.

The Ordinary 100% Organic Cold-Pressed Moroccan Argan Oil

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Organic Cold-Pressed Moroccan Argan Oil is a face oil that supports healthy skin and reduces the look of flaking due to dryness. It can be used once a day or as needed.
• Best for: All skin except acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 100% argan oil.
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Argan oil has been popular in skincare products for years, but you should be aware that its main functions are to soften and seal in moisture, rather than to deliver hydration. The problem is that it’s comprised of almost equal parts linoleic acid and oleic acid. Linoleic acid is polyunsaturated, making this oil unstable, while oleic acid is linked to skin barrier disruption.^[11] For these reasons, I suggest sticking with the 100% Plant-Derived Squalane, 100% Organic Virgin Sea-Buckthorn Fruit Oil or 100% Cold-Pressed Virgin Marula Oil instead.
• Similar product: Although it’s much more expensive, Josie Maran 100% Pure Argan Oil is said to be made of the highest-quality argan oil.

The Ordinary 100% Organic Cold-Pressed Rose Hip Seed Oil

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Organic Cold-Pressed Rose Hip Seed Oil is a face oil that supports healthy skin and helps reduce signs of photo-aging. It can be used once per day, ideally at night after water-based treatments.
• Best for: All skin except acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 100% rosehip oil (rosa canina seed oil).
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: If you’re looking to use rosehip oil, this is an inexpensive yet high-quality option. As both an emollient and an occlusive, this oil can be mixed with or layered on top of your serums and creams. It does have some anti-aging properties, since it’s high in antioxidants, and is said to be a natural source of tretinoin^[13] (although certainly not comparable to prescription treatments). That said, I do not recommend rosehip oil because it is highly unsaturated and oxidizes quickly, becoming pro-aging. Oils with a saturated or monounsaturated fatty acid profile (such as 100% Plant-Derived Squalane, 100% Organic Virgin Sea-Buckthorn Fruit Oil and 100% Cold-Pressed Virgin Marula Oil) are much more stable.
• Similar product: Pai Rosehip BioRegenerate will have a slightly longer shelf life, since it contains vitamin E and rosemary extract (both antioxidants) in addition to the rosehip seed and fruit oil.

The Ordinary 100% Organic Virgin Chia Seed Oil

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Organic Virgin Chia Seed Oil is a face oil that hydrates the skin. It can be used as needed, ideally after water-based treatments.
• Best for: All skin except acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 100% chia seed oil.
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Just like the other oils in the range, this one can be used as a final layer to soften and seal in moisture. What makes chia seed oil unique is its high concentration of alpha-linolenic acid. Its main claim to fame is lightening UV-induced pigmentation,^[14] however, I would not consider it comparable to more proven ingredients like vitamin C and niacinamide. The biggest downside is that it is extremely polyunsaturated, meaning it will oxidize and go rancid quickly. I would go with the more stable 100% Plant-Derived Squalane, 100% Organic Virgin Sea-Buckthorn Fruit Oil or 100% Cold-Pressed Virgin Marula Oil instead.
• Similar product: Maya Chia Supercritical Omega-3 Chia Face Oil is claimed to be the “world’s finest” chia seed oil, extracted using a process that maintains its purity and potency, and then infused with essential oils. 

The Ordinary 100% Organic Virgin Sea-Buckthorn Fruit Oil

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Organic Virgin Sea-Buckthorn Fruit Oil is a face oil that protects skin from damage due to dryness, quenches free radicals and maintains the function of the skin barrier. It can be used as needed, ideally at night after water-based treatments.
• Best for: All skin except acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 100% sea buckthorn fruit oil. 
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: There are two types of sea buckthorn oil: the oil derived from the seeds, which is primarily polyunsaturated, and the oil derived from the berries, which is monounsaturated. This product is comprised of the latter, making it not only quite stable but also anti-inflammatory, thanks to its exceptionally high palmitoleic acid content.^[15] It could be especially helpful for symptoms of dryness when applied after water-based serums and creams. Because it is high in carotenoids and lycopene, it has an orangey-red colour that will be visible on your skin until washed off (so you may want to dilute it with another product or stick to nighttime applications only). The naturally-occurring antioxidants may give some mild protection, but I would not consider this a replacement for a well-formulated antioxidant serum such as SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic.
• Similar product: Living Libations Seabuckthorn Best Skin Ever Cleanser Moisturizer is the brand’s bestselling blend of sea buckthorn oil (from the berries), jojoba oil, coconut oil and tamanu oil. 

The Ordinary “B” Oil

• What it does: The Ordinary “B” Oil is an algae-infused face oil blend that supports healthy skin, improves radiance, quenches free radicals and calms irritation. It can be used once a day or as needed, ideally after water-based treatments.
• Best for: All skin except acne-prone. 
• Key ingredients: Squalane, algae, baobab oil, argan oil, borage oil, rosehip oil, marula oil, pataua oil, inca inchi oil, Brazil nut oil.
• Other ingredients: Capric triglycerides, crambe oil, bisabolol, jojoba oil.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: This active ingredient in this formula appears to be a complex called SymBronze 1659,^[16] a combination of the algae (isochrysis galbana extract) and capric triglycerides. Strangely, it is claimed to act as a self-tanner by stimulating melanin as well as accelerating tanning time from UV exposure. So, I’m not sure what the “B” in “B” Oil stands for, but I suspect it may refer to “bronze,” even though this is not claimed. Personally, I would avoid this oil for that reason alone, especially if you have dark marks that you don’t want to get any darker. As for the oil base, it would certainly work to soften and seal in moisture as the last step of your routine. However, I would be concerned about the polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of most of these oils, which makes them unstable. The 100% Plant-Derived Squalane, 100% Organic Virgin Sea-Buckthorn Fruit Oil or 100% Cold-Pressed Virgin Marula Oil are better choices.
• Similar products: MARA Algae + Moringa Univeral Face Oil is the best-known example of an algae extract in an oil blend—and it won’t “bronze” your skin—but I have the same concerns about its stability. Herbivore Orchid Facial Oil doesn’t contain any algae, but will be more resistant to oxidation.

Facial Cleansers

The Ordinary Squalane Cleanser

• What it does: The Ordinary Squalane Cleanser is a gentle soap-free cleanser and makeup remover that leaves skin feeling moisturized. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: Squalane.
• Other ingredients: Coco-caprylate, glycerin, sucrose esters, capric triglycerides.
• pH level: 5.5-6.5.
• Editor’s notes: If you’re looking for an affordable cleanser that won’t dry out your skin, this product is a great contender. Instead of harsh sulfates, it contains squalane and sucrose esters that trap and dissolve makeup and debris so they can be rinsed off. But you do need to use it correctly for it to work. First, it must be warmed between your palms to transform it from a cream into an oil. Then, it should be massaged over dry skin before rinsing with water. For stubborn makeup or sunscreen, I recommend following with a second cleanser to ensure your skin is fully clean.
• Similar products: Comfort Zone Remedy Cream to Oil Ultra Gentle Cleanser has a similar cream-to-oil format, but is made with marula oil instead of squalane. If you’re specifically looking for squalane, you can find it in Biossance Squalane + Amino Aloe Gentle Cleanser (a gel) and Herbivore Pink Cloud Creamy Jelly Cleanser (a gel-cream).

Moisturizers

The Ordinary Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA

• What it does: The Ordinary Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA is a non-greasy moisturizer that hydrates the skin and improves long-term moisture retention. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: Capric triglycerides, glycerin, hyaluronic acid, amino acids, saccharides, sodium PCA, urea, fatty acids, lethicin.
• Other ingredients: Fatty alcohols, propanediol, allantoin.
• pH level: 6.5-7.0.
• Editor’s notes: Not only is this the least expensive moisturizer you’ll find, it also has one of the best formulas on the market. It’s meant to replicate our own Natural Moisturizing Factors (NMF), an array of compounds like amino acids, fatty acids and ceramides that keep skin hydrated and protected. Few hydrators contain so many beneficial ingredients—let alone in a lightweight cream that’s free of fragrance and silicones. 
• Similar products: Drunk Elephant Protini Polypeptide Cream (reviewed here) is widely considered the closest dupe with its mix of amino acids and fatty acids, however, it may not be as suitable for acne-prone skin. Other options include The Inkey List Ceramide Night Treatment, EltaMD Barrier Renewal Complex and Augustinus Bader The Cream.

Serums

The Ordinary 100% L-Ascorbic Acid Powder

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% L-Ascorbic Acid Powder is a pure powder (to be mixed with other treatments) that targets uneven skin tone, dullness and signs of aging. It can be used morning or night.
• Best for: All skin except sensitive.
• Key ingredient: 100% L-ascorbic acid.
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: L-ascorbic acid (LAA), the active form of vitamin C, can protect from free radicals, fade pigmentation and boost collagen^[17]—but it’s notoriously unstable. So if you’ve ever had a serum oxidize before you had a chance to use it up, you’ll appreciate this powder alternative. It comes with a scoop, and you’re meant to mix a small amount with your favourite serum or cream in the palm of your hand before applying it to your skin. Just don’t combine it with niacinamide or EUK-134, and remember that LAA won’t dissolve in oil. Since you’re mixing it fresh before every application, you’ll be getting maximum potency, and the powder itself will remain stable. 
• Similar products: Good Molecules Vitamin C Booster Powder is another pure L-ascorbic acid powder at a similar price point. There’s also The Nue Co. Topical C, True Botanicals Vitamin C Booster and Philosophy Turbo Booster C Powder.

The Ordinary 100% Niacinamide Powder

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Niacinamide Powder is a pure powder (to be mixed with other treatments) that targets visible shine, enlarged pores and irregular skin texture. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 100% niacinamide.
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Niacinamide is the one ingredient that belongs in virtually everyone’s skincare routine, since it helps with excess oil,^[18] breakouts,^[19] pigmentation,^[20] redness,^[21] sallowness,^[21] dryness^[22] and more. (See my niacinamide tutorial for all the details.) With this powder, which comes with a scoop, you can mix it with your favourite water-based serums and creams with a pH between 5.0-7.0. Just avoid combining it with anything below pH 5.0, and remember that niacinamide won’t dissolve in oil.
• Similar products: Philosophy Turbo Booster B3 Powder is also a pure niacinamide powder, although it’s more expensive. 100% Pure Niacinamide Boost is a combination of niacinamide and hyaluronic acid powders.

The Ordinary 100% Plant-Derived Hemi-Squalane

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Plant-Derived Hemi-Squalane is an oil-like hydrocarbon that hydrates the skin and prevents moisture loss. It can be used once a day or as needed.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 100% hemi-squalane (C13-16 isoparaffin).
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: What’s the difference between squalane and hemi-squalane? Both are stable, saturated hydrocarbons that soften skin and prevent moisture loss without feeling heavy.^[23] But hemi-squalane has a low molecular weight, which gives it an almost watery, “dry oil” texture that spreads more easily and absorbs even faster, with zero greasy residue. Unfortunately, hydrocarbons cannot be metabolized by the body and accumulate in fatty tissue—and there is a greater risk of absorbing low molecular compounds such as hemi-squalane.^[23] For this reason, I think it’s safer to use regular squalane rather than this fragmented form. 
• Similar products: I’m not aware of any other brand offering a pure hemi-squalane oil, but there are several sugarcane-derived squalane oils with an ultra-thin texture. Try Peter Thomas Roth Oilless Oil 100% Purified Squalane or Biossance 100% Squalane Oil, or see my guide to the best squalane oils for more options.

The Ordinary 100% Plant-Derived Squalane

• What it does: The Ordinary 100% Plant-Derived Squalane is an oil-like hydrocarbon that hydrates the skin and prevents moisture loss. It can be used as needed, ideally after water-based treatments.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 100% squalane.
• Other ingredients: None.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Squalane is one of the hottest ingredients in skincare, and for good reason. As a saturated hydrocarbon, it is extraordinarily stable, with a thin and fast-absorbing texture that is unlikely to clog pores and doesn’t feel greasy. As I explained in my squalane tutorial, it softens the skin,^[24] seals in moisture^[24] and calms inflammation.^[25] It can even prevent the lipid peroxidation that leads to acne.^[24] Is there any difference between this squalane and others on the market? Maybe, since there can be variations in weight and absorption rate depending on the source and how it is processed. Although the brand doesn’t specify which plants this squalane is derived from, reports suggest that it is likely to be sugarcane, beets or bamboo. 
• Similar products: Good Molecules Squalane Oil, The Inkey List Squalane and Timeless Squalane Oil are all at a similar price point. See my guide to the best squalane oils for more options.

The Ordinary Alpha Arbutin 2% + HA

• What it does: The Ordinary Alpha Arbutin 2% + HA is a water-based serum that reduces the look of age spots and improves overall skin tone. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 2% alpha-arbutin.
• Other ingredients: Hyaluronic acid, propanediol.
• pH level: 4.5-5.5.
• Editor’s notes: Alpha-arbutin is a derivative of hydroquinone, and treats pigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase, the enzyme that controls the formation of melanin.^[26] Not only does it have a better safety profile than hydroquinone, which is banned in several countries because it is cytotoxic (causes cell death), it is also non-irritating and won’t cause hypopigmentation. Unfortunately, alpha-arbutin doesn’t have as much proof behind it as hydroquinone, but it’s worth a try if you’re looking for an alternative. That said, niacinamide serums such as Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% are still my preferred way to treat dark spots and dullness, since they offer so many different skin benefits in one product. (There’s even a study that found as little as 4% niacinamide decreased pigmentation with comparable results to 4% hydroquinone, with fewer side effects.^[27])
• Similar product: The Inkey List Alpha Arbutin features the same 2% concentration of alpha-arbutin, but is more hydrating thanks to emollients and humectants like hyaluronic acid, capric triglycerides, hyaluronic acid and 0.5% squalane.

The Ordinary Amino Acids + B5

• What it does: The Ordinary Amino Acids + B5 is a water-based serum that hydrates and helps to maintain healthy skin. It can be used morning and night, before creams or mixed with other serums or creams.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: 17% amino acids, 5% provitamin B5 (panthenol).
• Other ingredients: Propanediol, betaine, sodium PCA, PCA.
• pH level: 4.75-5.25.
• Editor’s notes: If you’re looking for a lightweight hydrating serum, humectants like hyaluronic acid and glycerin aren’t your only options. This product delivers the same amino acids that are present in our skin’s own Natural Moisturizing Factors—so it’s almost like the Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA moisturizer, but in serum form. This would be a great choice if you need a little help repairing or supporting your skin barrier, but don’t want to use a heavy, greasy cream. Just keep in mind that it can feel a little sticky, and some users have reported a temporary stinging sensation (if this happens, try diluting it with another serum or cream).
• Similar products: The closest match is DCL Hydra Boost Finishing Serum, which contains a similar mix of amino acids and B5 (but is much pricier). There’s also Skin Inc Supplement Bar Collagen Serum, which has an array of amino acids plus sodium PCA.

The Ordinary Argireline Solution 10%

• What it does: The Ordinary Argireline Solution 10% is a water-based serum that improves the look of areas prone to dynamic wrinkles, such as the forehead and around the eyes. It can be used morning and night, before heavier treatments.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 10% argireline.
• Other ingredients: Propanediol.
• pH level: 6.0-7.0.
• Editor’s notes: Argireline is a peptide that is claimed to have a “Botox-like” effect on the wrinkles caused by muscle movement. One study found that the same 10% concentration as this formula reduced wrinkle depth by 30% after one month.^[28] Just be mindful that it’s more of a quick fix, rather than a long-term solution that repairs and rebuilds collagen. Some users have also observed a sagging effect from argireline, although this has not been studied.
• Similar products: Although we don’t know the concentration, argireline is the star ingredient in both StriVectin High Potency Wrinkle Filler and Goldfaden MD Needle-Less Line Smoothing Concentrate.

The Ordinary Ascorbic Acid 8% + Alpha Arbutin 2%

• What it does: The Ordinary Ascorbic Acid 8% + Alpha Arbutin 2% is a water-free serum that brightens the skin, evens out skin tone, and reduces the look of dark spots and signs of aging. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: 8% L-ascorbic acid, 2% alpha-arbutin.
• Other ingredients: Propanediol.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: If you can’t decide whether to treat pigmentation and dullness with vitamin C or alpha-arbutin, this serum gives you a bit of both. Unlike most L-ascorbic acid (LAA) serums, the formula is completely stabilized, since it’s in a base of propanediol instead of water. (This gives it an oily texture, even though it’s free of oil.) However, the 8% LAA is lower than the recommended 10-20%, and only the bare minimum you’d need to see results.^[17] As for the alpha-arbutin, it is a good alternative to hydroquinone, and you’re getting the same 2% concentration found in Alpha Arbutin 2% + HA. 
• Similar products: Obagi-C Fx System C-Clarifying Serum is the next step up, with 10% LAA and 4% arbutin. There’s also iS Clinical Super Serum Advance+, which has 15% LAA plus arbutin, copper peptides, Centella Asiatica extract and hyaluronic acid. Both are water-based, however, so they’re not as stable.

The Ordinary Ascorbyl Glucoside Solution 12%

• What it does: The Ordinary Ascorbyl Glucoside Solution 12% is a water-based serum that brightens the skin and reduces signs of aging. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 12% ascorbyl glucoside.
• Other ingredients: Propanediol.
• pH level: 6.0-7.0.
• Editor’s notes: As a vitamin C derivative, ascorbyl glucoside is not as strong or as proven as active vitamin C, a.k.a. L-ascorbic acid or LAA. We know that it does convert into LAA once absorbed—so it can fight free radicals, fade pigmentation and boost collagen—but the rate of conversion is unknown.^[29] Still, what it may lack in potency, it makes up for with its shelf life, as ascorbyl glucoside is incredibly stable. It’s also fast-absorbing, with none of the pilling or stickiness of some of the brand’s other serums, so it’s perfect for layering underneath other products.
• Similar product: The Inkey List 15% Vitamin C and EGF Serum contains an even higher concentration of ascorbyl glucoside, at 15%.

The Ordinary Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate Solution 20% in Vitamin F

• What it does: The Ordinary Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate Solution 20% in Vitamin F is a water-free serum that brightens the skin and reduces signs of aging. It can be used morning or night.
• Best for: All skin except acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 20% ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate).
• Other ingredients: Coconut alkanes, ethyl linoleate, coco-caprylate, jojoba oil, squalane.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, also known as ATIP, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate or THD ascorbate, is a vitamin C derivative. While it’s not as proven or as potent as L-ascorbic acid (LAA), it does penetrate more deeply and is hypothesized to reduce wrinkles^[30], brighten and protect from free radicals.^[29] It’s also more stable than LAA, can be used at higher concentrations, and is oil-soluble (which is why this formula is an oil). The “vitamin F” is ethyl linoleate, an ethyl ester of linoleic acid, which is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). I avoid PUFAs in high concentrations because of their limited stability. I would also be cautious with this formula if you have acne-prone skin, since the coconut alkanes (a silicone alternative) and jojoba oil could trigger breakouts. The 100% L-Ascorbic Acid Powder and Ascorbyl Glucoside 12% Solution will give you similar benefits without the oily, potentially pore-clogging texture.
• Similar products: It’s a lot more expensive, but African Botanics Vita C Corrector features the same 20% concentration of this active ingredient. It’s also in Sunday Riley C.E.O. 15% Vitamin C Brightening Serum and Joanna Vargas Rescue Serum.

The Ordinary Azelaic Acid Suspension 10%

• What it does: The Ordinary Azelaic Acid Suspension 10% is a water-based serum that brightens the skin, evens out skin texture, reduces the look of blemishes and protects from free radicals. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin, especially sensitive and acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 10% azelaic acid.
• Other ingredients: Isodecyl neopentanoate, dimethicone.
• pH level: 4.0-5.0.
• Editor’s notes: Up until recently, azelaic acid was only available by prescription. But now, you can buy lower-strength versions like this product over-the-counter—no doctor’s visit required. This is a multi-purpose ingredient that is particularly helpful for acne and rosacea, since it prevents clogged pores,^[31] kills bacteria^[31] and reduces inflammation.^[32] It also fades post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation^[33] and melasma.^[31] My concern with this formula is that even though it’s aimed at acne-prone skin, it is high in dimethicone and isodecyl neopentanoate (a silicone alternative), which could trap oil and debris in pores.
• Similar products: I prefer Paula’s Choice 10% Azelaic Acid Booster and Cos De BAHA AZ Azelaic Acid 10 Serum, which deliver the same 10% concentration of azelaic acid but without the potentially pore-clogging ingredients.

The Ordinary “Buffet”

• What it does: The Ordinary “Buffet” is a water-based serum that targets multiple signs of aging. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: Argirelox, Matrixyl 3000, Matrixyl Synthe’6 and Syn-Ake peptide complexes.
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, probiotics, hyaluronic acid, allantoin, amino acids.
• pH level: 4.5-5.5.
• Editor’s notes: With this serum, you’re getting an array of anti-aging peptide complexes plus skin-hydrating ingredients, all in one formula. Matrixyl 3000 is thought to increase collagen synthesis by kickstarting the skin’s repair processes, therefore diminishing wrinkles.^[34] Matrixyl Synthe’6 is less proven (the data only comes from the manufacturer), but it is said to stimulate the production of six different skin matrix components (including collagen, fibronectin and hyaluronic acid).^[35] Meanwhile, the Argirelox and Syn-Ake can help to relax the muscular contractions that contribute to dynamic wrinkles, and have been compared to Botox.^[34][36] If you’re not keen on retinoids, this product is an alternative way to target signs of aging, and won’t irritate your skin. However, it’s worth noting that some dermatologists, like Dr. Leslie Baumann, consider peptides “a waste of money.”^[37] There have also been anecdotal reports on various forums about the Argirelox and Syn-Ake peptides causing sagging. 
• Similar product: Cos De BAHA P M.A. Peptide Serum contains both Matrixyl 3000 and argireline (one of the peptides in Argirelox), as well as hyaluronic acid.

The Ordinary “Buffet” + Copper Peptides 1%

• What it does: The Ordinary “Buffet” + Copper Peptides 1% is a water-based serum that targets multiple signs of aging and maintains healthy skin. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: Argirelox, Matrixyl 3000, Matrixyl Synthe’6 and Syn-Ake peptide complexes; 1% copper peptides.
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, probiotics, hyaluronic acid, allantoin, amino acids.
• pH level: 6.0-7.0
• Editor’s notes: Copper peptides are one of the most promising anti-aging ingredients, on par with retinoids and vitamin C, and this is the most affordable way to give them a try. What makes them special is their ability to stimulate healthy collagen production while breaking down the undesirable damaged collagen associated with scarring.^[38] They’ve been found to tighten loose skin, improve elasticity and firmness, reduce wrinkles, repair sun damage and fade pigmentation.^[39] Of course, you’re getting all the “Buffet” peptides in this serum, too, which may further stimulate collagen as well as relax dynamic wrinkles. 
• Similar products: Good Molecules Super Peptide Serum is at an even lower price point, and includes copper peptides plus argireline and SNAP-8 (which influences muscular contractions). For the most advanced copper peptide treatment, consider NIOD Copper Amino Isolate Serum 3 1:1.

The Ordinary Ethylated Ascorbic Acid 15% Solution

• What it does: The Ordinary Ethylated Ascorbic Acid 15% Solution is a water-free serum that brightens the skin. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 15% ethyl ascorbic acid.
• Other ingredients: Propanediol.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Ethyl ascorbic acid, also known as 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid, is a vitamin C derivative. It’s extremely stable—much more so than L-ascorbic acid—and is more easily absorbed through the skin than other vitamin C derivatives.^[40] In addition to its antioxidant and collagen-boosting properties, it is particularly good for brightening; one study found that as little as 2%, twice daily, improved skin tone and radiance.^[41] You should also know that ethyl ascorbic acid is both oil-soluble and water-soluble. So if this propanediol-based solution (which has an oily feel) is not to your liking, you may prefer water-based versions, such as Biossance Squalane + Vitamin C Dark Spot Serum.
• Similar products: The company offers this ingredient in even higher concentrations: Hylamide C25 has 25%, and NIOD Ethylated L-Ascorbic Acid 30% Network has 30%. Alternatively, try Allies of Skin 20% Vitamin C Brighten + Firm Serum or Dermadoctor Kakadu C 20% Vitamin C Serum with Ferulic Acid & Vitamin E.

The Ordinary EUK 134 0.1%

• What it does: The Ordinary EUK 134 0.1% is a water-free serum that protects skin from free radicals. It can be used morning and night, after water-based serums and before oils or heavier creams.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 0.1% ethylbisiminomethylguaiacol manganese chloride (EUK-134).
• Other ingredients: Propanediol.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: If you find L-ascorbic acid is too strong for your skin, you might want to try EUK-134 instead. This is a synthetic molecule with potent antioxidant activity. Specifically, it mimics two enzymes in our skin that scavenge free radicals and convert them into harmless water and oxygen. Studies have found that it can protect against UVA- and UVB-induced oxidative stress^[42][43] and is well-tolerated by even sensitive skin.^[44] The only catch? It can’t be used at the same time as acidic ingredients like L-ascorbic acid.
• Similar product: Oskia CityLife Concentrate is an antioxidant serum featuring not only EUK-134, but also niacinamide, astaxanthin, CoQ10 and two vitamin C derivatives.

The Ordinary Granactive Retinoid 2% Emulsion

• What it does: The Ordinary Granactive Retinoid 2% Emulsion is a water-based serum that targets signs of aging. It can be used at night, after water-based serums and before heavier treatments.
• Best for: All skin, especially sensitive.
• Key ingredient: 0.2% hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR). (“Granactive retinoid” is the trade name for HPR in the solvent dimethyl isosorbide. They’re used in a 1:10 ratio, so 2% granactive retinoid contains 0.2% of the active and 1.8% of the solvent.) 
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, capric triglycerides, ethyl linoleate, propanediol, bisabolol (chamomile extract).
• pH level: 5.0-6.0.
• Editor’s notes: This creamy, hydrating treatment can give you results that are comparable to retinol, minus the dryness and irritation. HPR is a new member of the retinoid family—a retinoic acid ester that is significantly better tolerated than retinol, but is as active as pure retinoic acid. It’s definitely not as proven, but the manufacturer’s research found that 0.2%, the same amount that’s in this serum, dramatically reduced lines and wrinkles around the eyes.^[45] This formula also contains a small amount of encapsulated retinol to further enhance results. However, I personally prefer the brand’s Granactive Retinoid 2% in Squalane, since it is a bit more stable (it’s water-free and doesn’t contain ethyl linoleate).
• Similar products: The closest match is Formotopia BFFECT Granactive Retinoid Emulsion 2% + GABA, which pairs the same percentage of HPR with amino acids (GABA), jojoba oil and chamomile extract (bisabolol).

The Ordinary Granactive Retinoid 2% in Squalane

• What it does: The Ordinary Granactive Retinoid 2% in Squalane is a water-free serum that targets signs of aging. It can be used at night, after water-based serums and before heavier treatments.
• Best for: All skin, especially sensitive.
• Key ingredient: 0.2% hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR). (“Granactive retinoid” is the trade name for HPR in the solvent dimethyl isosorbide. They’re used in a 1:10 ratio, so 2% granactive retinoid contains 0.2% of the active and 1.8% of the solvent.) 
• Other ingredients: Squalane, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, bisabolol (chamomile extract), capric triglycerides, jojoba oil.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Just like the Granactive Retinoid 2% Emulsion, this treatment can give you comparable results to retinol, without causing irritation. It contains the same amount of HPR, 0.2%, which according to manufacturer tests is capable of dramatically reducing eye-area wrinkles.^[45] The main difference between the two products is that this version has an oil texture, thanks to its squalane base. Just keep in mind that retinol has a lot more research behind it than HPR.
• Similar products: Sunday Riley Luna Face Oil and Awake Power After Hour 2% Retinol Complex Sleep Oil have the same 0.2% HPR, but are both high in unsaturated oils that make the formulas less stable.

The Ordinary Granactive Retinoid 5% in Squalane

• What it does: The Ordinary Granactive Retinoid 5% in Squalane is a water-free serum that targets signs of aging. It can be used at night, after water-based serums and before heavier treatments.
• Best for: All skin, especially sensitive.
• Key ingredient: 0.5% hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR). (“Granactive retinoid” is the trade name for HPR in the solvent dimethyl isosorbide. They’re used in a 1:10 ratio, so 5% granactive retinoid contains 0.5% of the active and 4.5% of the solvent.)
• Other ingredients: Squalane, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, bisabolol (chamomile extract), capric triglycerides, jojoba oil.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s note: This is a stronger version of Granactive Retinoid 2% in Squalane, but it still produces little to no irritation. Since HPR binds directly to retinoid receptors—no conversion required—it is thought to be as active as pure retinoic acid. We just need more research on it. So far, the manufacturer’s tests showed a dramatic improvement to wrinkles around the eyes,^[45] and there was another study that found a formulation containing HPR boosted epidermal thickness as well as collagen, elastin and fibronectin production.^[46]
• Similar products: Pacifica Clean Shot Granactive Retinoid 5% in Seawater has the same 0.5% HPR, but in a water-based formula. And there are two even stronger options: CyberDerm Retin+Erase with 1% HPR, and Mad Hippie Vitamin A Serum with “approximately 1-2% HPR” (according to the brand).

The Ordinary Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5

• What it does: The Ordinary Hylauronic Acid 2% + B5 is a water-based serum that hydrates and plumps the skin. It can be used morning and night, before creams.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: 2% hyaluronic acid, provitamin B5 (panthenol).
• Other ingredients: Pentylene glycol, propanediol, algae extract, glycerin.
• pH level: 6.5-7.5.
• Editor’s notes: As a humectant, hyaluronic acid (HA) attracts and retains water, so this serum is an easy way to boost your skin’s moisture content underneath creams or oils. What makes this product unique is that it contains three different molecular weights of HA. High-molecular weight HA is too large to penetrate, so it only hydrates the skin surface (and can evaporate if you don’t seal it in). But when it is fragmented to create low-molecular weight HA, it is thought to absorb and plump at a deeper level. The only catch? Low-molecular weight HA is linked to inflammation,^[47] so it could trigger redness and sensitivity over time. If you don’t want to risk it, stick with a high-molecular weight HA serum (like SkinCeuticals Hydrating B5 Gel or Timeless Hyaluronic Acid 100% Pure) instead. 
• Similar products: The closest alternative is Glossier Super Bounce, which contains the same 2% HA in multiple weights, along with the provitamin B5. There’s also The Inkey List Hyaluronic Acid, which has 2% multi-molecular HA in combination with the peptide Matrixyl.

The Ordinary Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate 10%

• What it does: The Ordinary Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate 10% is a water-based cream that brightens the skin. It can be used morning and night, after water-based serums.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 10% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate.
• Other ingredients: Coco-caprylate, isodecyl neopentanoate, sacha inchi oil, coconut alkanes. 
• pH level: 6.5-7.5.
• Editor’s notes: This product is currently being reformulated. I suspect this may be due to issues with the texture and stability, as many users have reported that it felt gritty and developed an unpleasant scent (likely from the unstable sacha inchi oil). Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate (MAP) is a vitamin C derivative that is more stable than L-ascorbic acid (LAA), but not as strong. While it does absorb and convert to LAA in the skin, just how well is unknown.^[48] However, what it has been proven to do effectively is brighten and reduce hyperpigmentation;^[49] it also has a hydrating effect and reduces transepidermal water loss.^[50] 
• Similar products: Glossier Super Glow contains 5% MAP, while Glowbiotics MD Advanced Vitamin C Brightening Serum contains 5% each of MAP and ascorbyl glucoside.

The Ordinary Marine Hyaluronics

• What it does: The Ordinary Marine Hyaluronics is a water-based serum that hydrates the skin, but with a lighter texture and feel than hyaluronic acid. It can be used morning and night, before creams.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: Algae extracts, fermented marine bacteria, amino acids.
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, PCA, sodium PCA.
• pH level: 4.0-5.0.
• Editor’s notes: This is an exciting alternative to hyaluronic acid-based hydrating serums like Hyaluronic Acid 2% + B5. Not only does it have a watery, non-sticky texture that penetrates more quickly, I’ve also found that it is less likely to pill underneath other products. Although the data comes from the manufacturer, the fermented marine bacteria (trade name Antarcticine) can help to protect skin from dryness and redness caused by cold weather conditions.^[51] Plus, although the brand doesn’t make these claims, it has been shown to reduce wrinkle depth^[52] and control excess oil.^[53] The only downside is a slightly unpleasant scent, but it’s quite faint and goes away once it penetrates or if you layer another product on top.
• Similar product: I haven’t discovered a dupe at a similar price point, but you can find the same fermented marine bacteria in iS Clinical Youth Serum.

The Ordinary Matrixyl 10% + HA

• What it does: The Ordinary Matrixyl 10% + HA is a water-based serum that reduces the look of static and dynamic wrinkles. It can be used morning and night.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: 10% Matrixyl 3000 and Matrixyl Synthe’6.
• Other ingredients: Glycerin, butylene glycol, hyaluronic acid.
• pH level: 5.0-6.0.
• Editor’s notes: While “Buffet” is an all-in-one anti-aging and hydrating solution, this serum is a more targeted treatment for fine lines and wrinkles. Specifically, it delivers a high dose of the newest Matrixyl peptide technologies. Matrixyl 3000 has been found to improve the extracellular matrix,^[54] therefore thickening the skin^[55] and reducing the static type of wrinkles (lines that are always there). Matrixyl Synthe’6 stimulates six different parts of the skin (including collagen, fibronection and hyaluronic acid production). The only research to date comes from the manufacturer, but it was shown to improve crow’s feet and forehead lines^[35] (which are dynamic wrinkles caused by muscle movements). I would still consider retinoids to be the “gold standard” topical treatment for wrinkles, since they have much more research behind them than these peptides. However, if you can’t or don’t want to use retinoids, this serum may be worth a try.
• Similar product: Revolution Skincare 10% Matrixyl is comprised of the same two Matrixyl peptide complexes, at the same concentration.

The Ordinary Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1%

• What it does: The Ordinary Niacinamide 10% + Zinc 1% is a water-based serum that balances sebum activity and reduces the look of acne and clogged pores. It can be used morning and night, before creams.
• Best for: Normal to oily and acne-prone skin.
• Key ingredients: 10% niacinamide, 1% zinc.
• Other ingredients: Pentylene glycol, tamarind seed gum.
• pH level: 5.5-6.5.
• Editor’s notes: Niacinamide is a must-try for anyone dealing with oily skin—it is remarkably effective at controlling excess oil production, and it doesn’t get cheaper than this product. Studies have also found that niacinamide reduces acne,^[19] fades pigmentation^[20] and calms redness,^[21] among many other benefits (see my niacinamide tutorial for more information). The only downside to this gel-like serum is that its texture is not as elegant as other formulations. It can be a little sticky, and tends to pill when worn underneath other products. If this bothers you, you could try the 100% Niacinamide Powder mixed into, say, Marine Hyaluronics instead.
• Similar products: My favourite inexpensive niacinamide serum is The Inkey List Niacinamide, which boasts the same 10% concentration of niacinamide but is more hydrating (thanks to 1% hyaluronic acid). If you’re concerned about pilling, Paula’s Choice 10% Niacinamide Booster has the most watery, weightless texture. For more options, see my guide to the best niacinamide serums. 

The Ordinary Pycnogenol 5%

• What it does: The Ordinary Pycnogenol 5% is a water-free serum that protects skin from free radicals and improves skin hydration and elasticity. It can be used morning and night, after water-based serums and before oils or heavier creams.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredient: 5% Pycnogenol.
• Other ingredients: Propanediol.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Pycnogenol is the trade name for an extract derived from the bark of pine trees that grow along the coast of southwest France. It’s prized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.^[56] One study found that as little as 0.05-2% was able to reduce inflammation, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis when applied after sun exposure, suggesting that it can play a complementary role with sunscreens.^[56] Another interesting benefit of Pycnogenol is that it can restore the activity of oxidized vitamin C,^[57] so you could also use it to extend the life of your L-ascorbic acid serum. When taken orally, it improves skin hydration and elasticity,^[58] but the jury’s out on whether it does so topically (so don’t ingest this serum!). Lastly, you should be aware that it has a dark red colour, which can stain light-coloured fabric and may give your skin a slightly “bronzed” look.
• Similar products: Pycnogenol is the star ingredient in Skin Inc Supplement Bar French Pine Bark Serum. You can also find it among the actives in Non Gender Specific Everything Serum and NIOD Survival 0.

The Ordinary Resveratrol 3% + Ferulic Acid 3%

• What it does: The Ordinary Resveratrol 3% + Ferulic Acid 3% is a water-free serum that protects skin from free radicals. It can be used morning and night, after water-based serums and before oils or heavier creams.
• Best for: All skin.
• Key ingredients: 3% resveratrol, 3% ferulic acid.
• Other ingredient: Propanediol.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Vitamin C isn’t the only antioxidant to choose from—this serum is an alternative way to shield your skin from environmental damage. The resveratrol (derived from grapes) is protective against UV-induced oxidative stress,^[59] while the ferulic acid (derived from bran) helps prevent UV damage and skin carcinogenosis.^[60] Of course, L-ascorbic acid (LAA) is still the “gold standard” antioxidant, but these ingredients offer much better stability, and with no “hot dog” smell. The texture is also quite different; this feels like a light oil due to the propanediol base. My concern, however, is that resveratrol is a phytoestrogen and may exert estrogen-like effects on the skin.^[61] For the time being, I’ll be sticking with LAA formulas like SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic to get my dose of antioxidants.
• Similar product: Typology Antioxidant Serum 3% Ferulic Acid + 3% Resveratrol gives you the exact same actives in a propanediol and glycerin base. 

The Ordinary Retinol 0.2% in Squalane

• What it does: The Ordinary Retinol 0.2% in Squalane is a water-free serum that reduces the look of fine lines, sun damage and general skin aging. It can be used at night, after water-based serums and before heavier treatments.
• Best for: Beginner retinol users.
• Key ingredient: 0.2% retinol.
• Other ingredients: Squalane, capric triglycerides, jojoba oil.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: This is one of the best products to start with if you’re new to retinol. As the single most proven anti-aging ingredient, it has the ability to improve wrinkles, dullness, loss of elasticity, hyperpigmentation and sun damage.^[62] At this strength, which is comparable to 0.02% tretinoin, you should see a reduction in fine lines and wrinkles and sallowness after about five months.^[63] Expect only moderate irritation, which should lessen as your skin builds a tolerance. Once your skin can handle it, move up to the next highest strength, Retinol 0.5% in Squalane, to see even better results.
• Similar product: First Aid Beauty FAB Skin Lab Retinol Serum contains 0.25% pure retinol, and is gentle enough for sensitive skin.

The Ordinary Retinol 0.5% in Squalane

• What it does: The Ordinary Retinol 0.5% in Squalane is a water-free serum that reduces the look of fine lines, sun damage and general skin aging. It can be used at night, after water-based serums and before heavier treatments.
• Best for: All skin except sensitive.
• Key ingredient: 0.5% retinol.
• Other ingredients: Squalane, capric triglycerides, jojoba oil.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: This is a moderate-strength retinol, which may cause some irritation and dryness at first (so I suggest starting with Retinol 0.2% in Squalane if you’re new to the ingredient). The 0.5% concentration is comparable to 0.05% tretinoin,^[64] which has been shown to improve fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, sallowness and overall sun damage with long-term use.^[65] It may also help to treat moderate cases of acne.^[66] If your skin is tolerating this strength well, consider moving up to Retinol 1% in Squalane for maximum benefits.
• Similar product: With 0.5% pure retinol, Revolution Skincare 0.5% Retinol Intense Serum is the closest match. However, it contains some plant oils that are not as stable as the squalane.

The Ordinary Retinol 1% in Squalane

• What it does: The Ordinary Retinol 1% in Squalane is a water-free serum that reduces the look of fine lines, sun damage and overall skin aging. It can be used at night, after water-based serums and before heavier treatments.
• Best for: Experienced retinol users.
• Key ingredient: 1% retinol.
• Other ingredients: Squalane, capric triglycerides, jojoba oil.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Not only is this the strongest retinol that the brand offers, it’s also one of the strongest on the market. You’re getting the highest concentration of pure (not encapsulated) retinol, in a squalane base that makes it extremely stable and resistant to oxidation. This strength is comparable to 0.1% tretinoin,^[64] which is proven to reduce fine and coarse wrinkles, roughness and sallowness.^[67] The downside is that it is likely to cause some initial irritation until your skin builds up a tolerance. For that reason, the brand actually recommends Granactive Retinoid 2% in Squalane or Granactive Retinoid 5% in Squalane instead, but since there’s not as much research behind them, I personally prefer retinol. Be sure to start with Retinol 0.2% in Squalane or Retinol 0.5% in Squalane before moving up to this strength. 
• Similar products: There are two products that offer the same 1% concentration of pure retinol in an oil base: 111Skin Celestial Black Diamond Retinol Oil and Revolution 1% Retinol Super Intense Serum. However, both contain plant oils that oxidize quickly and are not as stable as the squalane. 

The Ordinary Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2%

• What it does: The Ordinary Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2% is a water-free serum that brightens the skin, reduces the look of aging skin and smooths the skin surface. It can be used as often as once a day, ideally at night.
• Best for: All skin except sensitive and acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 23% L-ascorbic acid, 2% hyaluronic acid spheres.
• Other ingredients: Squalane, isodecyl neopentanoate, isononyl isononanoate, coconut alkanes, coco-caprylate.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: Most L-ascorbic acid (LAA) serums are expensive and oxidize within a few months, but not this one. Not only is the ingredient suspended in a water-free base—which makes it completely stable—it’s also present in a higher concentration here, and at a fraction of the typical cost. Unlike the Vitamin C Suspension 30% in Silicone, this product is silicone-free, which means you’re getting complete exposure to the active (whereas silicones can entrap it, reducing effectiveness). At this strength, you can expect maximum antioxidant, collagen-boosting and brightening benefits.^17] There are just a few caveats. It has a gritty, greasy feel and can cause a tingling sensation; for some people, it’s just too strong and causes irritation. The hyaluronic acid spheres (trade name Hyaluronic Filling Spheres) are comprised of low-molecular weight hyaluronic acid, which is linked to inflammation.^[47] Lastly, I would be cautious if you are acne-prone, since this formula is high in silicone alternatives that may clog pores. 
• Similar product: The closest match is Indeed Labs Vitamin C24, which contains 22% LAA and 2% hyaluronic acid spheres. However, they’re in a silicone base that can trap oil and debris, leading to clogged pores.

The Ordinary Vitamin C Suspension 30% in Silicone

• What it does: The Ordinary Vitamin C Suspension 30% in Silicone is a water-free serum that brightens the skin and reduces the look of aging skin. It can be used once a day, ideally at night.
• Best for: All skin except sensitive and acne-prone.
• Key ingredient: 30% L-ascorbic acid.
• Other ingredients: Dimethicone, silicone.
• pH level: Not applicable (water-free).
• Editor’s notes: This serum is comprised of the highest concentration of L-ascorbic acid (LAA) that I’ve seen—even though studies have shown no benefit to going above 20%.^[17] The reason there’s so much of it is because of the silicone base. Silicones can entrap the LAA, reducing how much your skin is exposed to, and making the formula less efficient. However, they also make it far more stable than the typical water-based LAA serums like SkinCeuticals C E Ferulic—which oxidize within a few months—and there’s no gritty feel like the Vitamin C Suspension 23% + HA Spheres 2%. You can expect the LAA to give your skin excellent protection from free radicals while also increasing collagen and fading pigmentation.^[17] However, this formula probably won’t be suitable for sensitive skin, since more than 20% LAA can be irritating. I would also be wary of the silicones if you have acne-prone skin, since they can seal oil and debris in your pores, leading to breakouts.
• Similar product: Try DCL C Scape High Potency Night Booster 30—it’s just as high in LAA, at 30%, and the formula is both water-free and silicone-free.